Charcot-Marie-Tooth disease (CMT) is named after the three doctors who first described the disease in 1886: Jean-Martin Charcot (shar-coh), Pierre Marie, and Howard Henry Tooth. Today, CMT refers to any peripheral neuropathy with a genetic cause, whether or not the specific genetic mutation is known.
CMT is a rare multisystem, multiorgan disease that causes lifelong, progressive symptoms, including muscle weakness and atrophy in the arms and legs, sensory loss, and other complications. These changes can lead to challenges like high arches, hammertoes, and foot drop, increasing the risk of pain, pressure sores, and balance issues. Proper foot care is essential for managing these challenges, preserving mobility, and preventing complications.
The Importance of Foot Care in CMT
Proper foot care is vital for individuals with CMT due to its impact on the foot muscles, nerves, and structure. Without effective management, CMT-related foot complications can lead to pain, reduced mobility, and impact quality of life. Key reasons why foot care is essential include:
- Loss of Sensation: Reduced feeling in the feet increases the risk of unnoticed injuries, infections, and delayed healing.
- Structural Deformities: High arches, hammertoes, and foot drop can create pressure points, leading to pain, calluses, or ulcers.
- Skin and Nail Issues: Reduced circulation may result in slow-healing wounds, cracked skin, or fungal infections.
- Balance and Stability Challenges: Weak muscles and improper footwear increase the risk of falls and injuries.
Daily Foot Care Practices
A consistent daily foot care routine can help prevent complications and maintain foot health. Recommended practices include:
- Inspect Your Feet Daily: Look for cuts, redness, swelling, or other abnormalities. Use a mirror for hard-to-see areas.
- Clean and Moisturize: Wash your feet with mild soap, dry them thoroughly (especially between the toes), and apply a moisturizer to prevent dryness and cracking.
- Trim Nails Carefully: Keep toenails trimmed straight across to avoid ingrown nails. Consult a podiatrist if trimming is difficult or unsafe.
- Avoid Walking Barefoot: Always wear protective footwear, even indoors, to reduce the risk of injury.
Choosing the Right Footwear
Proper footwear is critical for supporting foot health and improving mobility. Key footwear tips include:
- Opt for Supportive Shoes: Shoes should have a wide toe box, cushioned insoles, and sturdy heels for optimal support.
- Avoid Tight or Loose Shoes: Ill-fitting shoes can cause blisters, calluses, or worsening pain.
- Custom Orthotics or Shoes: Orthotic inserts or custom-made shoes can help alleviate pressure points, provide better support, and help with ankle instability
- Break in New Shoes Gradually: Wear new shoes briefly and check for signs of pressure or irritation.
Managing Common CMT-Related Foot Issues
Certain foot conditions are prevalent in CMT and require individualized management strategies:
- High Arches (Pes Cavus): Insoles or orthotics can alleviate pressure, while surgery may be an option for severe cases.
- Hammertoes and Claw Toes: Stretching, toe caps, or surgery can help with discomfort and deformities.
- Foot Drop: Bracing (e.g., AFOs) can improve mobility and reduce tripping.
- Dry or Cracked Skin: Regular use of moisturizers can prevent cracks and infections.
When to See a Specialist
Regular check-ins with a podiatrist or other qualified foot specialist are essential for preventing and managing complications. Seek professional care for:
- Persistent pain or discomfort.
- Signs of infection, such as redness, swelling, or drainage.
- Thickened or discolored toenails.
- Development of ulcers or sores.
Foot Care Resources
- Dr. Greg Stilwell Footcare Meeting: Watch Here
Next Steps: Find the Right Care
Proper foot care is essential to managing CMT and maintaining overall well-being. A proactive approach to foot care, including daily routines, appropriate footwear, and working with a qualified healthcare provider, can help maintain mobility and prevent complications.
CMTA Centers of Excellence are multidisciplinary clinics that offer comprehensive specialty care. Visit the CMTA Center of Excellence directory to find a location near you.
